Hockey ~ STEEL TOWN

Sports Hockey

Hockey is a family of sports in which two teams play against each other by trying to maneuver a ball or a puck into the opponent's goal using a hockey stick. In many areas, one sport (typically field hockey or ice hockey) is generally referred to simply as hockey.
Hockey is the popular sport in the world.

Steel Town Hockey Team

This is the Hockey team of Steel Town.This team won many tournaments,medals,cups and prizes .Pakistan National Hockey Team also pick player from Steel Town Hockey Team. Hockey is the national game of Pakistan so that's we love with hockey game.

Steel Town Hockey Ground

This Hockey ground was made in 1988.In this ground many champions was made.

All Information About Pakistan Hockey Federation

The Pakistan Hockey Federation (PHF) is the national governing body for field hockey in Pakistan. It is affiliated to the International Hockey Federation (FIH). The current PHF president is Brig (r) Khalid S. Khokhar.

History[edit]

Hockey was originally brought to Pakistan under British rule, and like cricket soon became popular with the local population.

The Pakistan Hockey Federation came into being in 1948, following the independence of Pakistan in 1947. Prior to this players from what is now Pakistan had competed internationally alongside players from what is now India. In the beginning, the Federation's membership included the Provincial Hockey/Sports Associations of West Punjab, East Bengal, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Bahawalpur & Services Sports Board. Pakistan played their first international in London when they defeated Belgium 2-1 in 14th Olympic Games hockey tournament on 2 August 1948.

The first President of PHF was Ghazanfar Ali Khan with Baseer Ali Sheikh as Honorary Secretary. The Pakistan national side soon established a strong reputation in international competition, helping to maintain interest in the game in Pakistan which assisted the growth of the Federation. However, no full-time central office or secretariat, as such, was established until the 1960s.

The office of the Pakistan Hockey Federation, located in National Hockey Stadium, Lahore was developed into a Secretariat in 1971. It was during the second term as president of Air Marshal Nur Khan from 1978 that Pakistani hockey entered something of a golden age. National Senior, National Junior and Women Hockey Teams were all competing internationally, increasing the work load of PHF Office and secretary Brigadier M. H. Atif tremendously.

On the personal initiative of Air Marshal M. Nur Khan, the FIH introduced the World Cup Tournament and the Champions Trophy Tournament, which are now rated amongst the major international tournaments, alongside the Olympics. At this time, Pakistan held all the major titles in men's international hockey.

However, the 1976 Olympics in Montreal had seen the introduction of artificial turf to international hockey competition. Pakistan was unable to build as many of the new pitches as the European nations or Australia and New Zealand and so the strength of the national side declined. It was after a lapse of 12 years that the Pakistan Hockey Team again started climbing and won the Champions Trophy and the World Cup with Air Vice Marshal Farooq Umar as president and Colonel Mudassar as secretary of the Federation.

AVM Farooq Umar President of PHF 1993-1996[edit]

AVM Farooq Umar was also elected President of Pakistan Hockey Federation (PHF). It was during his tenure that he Resurrected Pakistan Hockey and made it Win the “World Champions Trophy” and the “World Cup Sydney 94” after a long lapse of 14 years . (Since he Left his President Ship Pakistan has not able to Win these titles although an other 16 long years have since elapsed. His success depended on upfront leadership and the ability to motivate the players right in the play field. (See relevant motivational clips in YouTube.^[1]

The PHF has provincial teams who play against each other such as:

Baloch Lions
Capital Dynamos
Frontier Falcon
Northern Cavaliers
Shan-e-Punjab
Sindh Qalanders

Presidents[edit]

Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan (1948–50)
Chaudhry Nazir Ahmed (1950–52)
Khan Abdul-Qayyum Khan (1952–54)
Nawab Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani (1955–56)
Mian Naseer Ahmed (1956–59)
General Muhammad Musa (1960–66)
Air Marshal Nur Khan (1967–69)
Lieutenant General Khwaja Mohammad Azhar Khan (1969–71)
Nawab Sadiq Hussain Qureshi (1971–76)
Air Marshal Nur Khan (1976–84)
Air Vice-Marshal Waqar Azeem (1984–86)
Air Marshal Azim Daudpota (1986–90)
Air Chief Marshal Farooq Feroze Khan (1990–91)
M Nawaz Tiwana (1991–93)
Air Vice-Marshal Farooq Umar (1993–96)
M Nawaz Tiwana (1996–97)
Akhtar Rasool Chaudhry (1997–99)
Arif Ali Khan Abbasi (1999–2000)
General Aziz Khan (2000–05)
Tariq Kirmani (2005–06)
Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali (2006–2008)
Qasim Zia (2008-2013)
Akhtar Rasool (2013-2015) ^[2]
Brig.Rt Khalid S. Khokhar (2015–Present)

Secretaries[edit]

General Baseer Ali Sheikh (1948–54)
Syed M Ayub (1954–55)
Mian Raziuddin Ahmed (1955–60)
Brigadier Riaz Hussain (1960–62)
Aurangzeb Khan (1962–64)
Lieutenant Colonel Zafar Ali Khan (1964–67)
Wing Commander Masood Ahmed (1967–69)
Iftikhar Rasool Mali (1969–70)
Major Khurshid Zaman (1970–72)
Dr. Chaudhry Ghulam Rasool (1972–73)
Shamim Yazdani (1973)
M Sharif Janjua (1973–74)
Captain Syed Naseer Ahmed (1974–75)
Sardar Asif Hayat (1975–78)
Brigadier MH Atif (1978–89)
Brigadier A Hamid Hameedi (1989–92)
Colonel Syed Mudasir Asghar (1993–99)
Brigadier MH Atif (1999–2000)
Zahir Shah (2000)
Brigadier Musaratullah Khan (2000–06)
Akhtarul Islam (2006–07)
Khalid Memood (2007–08)
Muhammad Asif Bajwa (2008–2013)
Mujahid Ali Rana (2013–2015)
Shahbaz Ahmed (2015–Present)

Major Hockey Tournaments won by Pakistan[edit]

1978 Hockey Champions Trophy, Pakistan
1980 Hockey Champions Trophy, Pakistan
1994 Hockey Champions Trophy, Pakistan

Notable Players[edit]

All Information of Hockey

Hockey is a family of sports in which two teams play against each other by trying to maneuver a ball or a puck into the opponent's goal using a hockey stick. In many areas, one sport (typically field hockey or ice hockey^[1]) is generally referred to simply as hockey.

Etymology

The first recorded use of the word hockey is in the 1773 book Juvenile Sports and Pastimes, to Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Author: Including a New Mode of Infant Education by Richard Johnson (Pseud. Master Michel Angelo), whose chapter XI was titled "New Improvements on the Game of Hockey".^[2] The belief that hockey was mentioned in a 1363 proclamation by King Edward III of England is based on modern translations of the proclamation, which was originally in Latin and explicitly forbade the games "Pilam Manualem, Pedivam, & Bacularem: & ad Canibucam & Gallorum Pugnam". The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word "hockey" when he translated the proclamation in 1720.

The word hockey itself is of unknown origin. One explanation is that it is a derivative of hoquet, a Middle French word for a shepherd's stave.^[3] The curved, or "hooked" ends of the sticks used for hockey would indeed have resembled these staves. Another explanation is that the cork bungs that replaced wooden balls in the 18th century came from barrels containing "hock" ale, also called "hocky".^[4]

History

bas relief approx. 600 BC, in theNational Archaeological Museum of Athens

Games played with curved sticks and a ball can be found in the histories of many cultures. In Egypt, 4000-year-old carvings feature teams with sticks and a projectile, hurling dates to before 1272 BC in Ireland, and there is a depiction from approximately 600 BC in Ancient Greece, where the game may have been called kerētízein or (κερητίζειν) because it was played with a horn or horn-like stick (kéras, κέρας).^[5] In Inner Mongolia, the Daur people have been playing beikou, a game similar to modern field hockey, for about 1,000 years.^[6]

Most evidence of hockey-like games during the Middle Ages is found in legislation concerning sports and games. The Galway Statute enacted in Ireland in 1527 banned certain types of ball games, including games using "hooked" (written "hockie", similar to "hooky") sticks.^[7]

...at no tyme to use ne occupye the horlinge of the litill balle with hockie stickes or staves, nor use no hande ball to play withoute walles, but only greate foote balle^[8]

By the 19th century, the various forms and divisions of historic games began to differentiate and coalesce into the individual sports defined today. Organizations dedicated to the codification of rules and regulations began to form, and national and international bodies sprang up to manage domestic and international competition. Ice hockey also evolved during this period as a derivative of field hockey adapted to the icy conditions of Canada and the northern United States.

Subtypes

Bandy game in Sweden.

Bandy

Main article: Bandy

Bandy is played with a ball on a football field-sized ice arena (bandy rink), typically outdoors, and with many rules similar to association football. It is played professionally in Russia and Sweden and is considered a national sport in Russia. The sport is recognised by the IOC; its international governing body is the Federation of International Bandy.

Bandy has its roots in England in the 19th century, was originally called "hockey on the ice",^[9] and spread from England to other European countries around 1900; a similar Russian sport can also be seen as a predecessor and in Russia, bandy is sometimes called "Russian hockey". Bandy World Championships have been played since 1957 and Women's Bandy World Championships since 2004. There are national club championships in many countries and the top clubs in the world play in the Bandy World Cup every year.

Field hockey

Field hockey game at Melbourne University.

Main article: Field hockey

Field hockey is played on gravel, natural grass, or sand-based or water-based artificial turf, with a small, hard ball approximately 73 mm (2.9 in) in diameter. The game is popular among both males and females in many parts of the world, particularly in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Argentina. In most countries, the game is played between single-sex sides, although they can be mixed-sex.

The governing body is the 126-member International Hockey Federation (FIH). Men's field hockey has been played at each Summer Olympic Games since 1908 except for 1912 and 1924, while women's field hockey has been played at the Summer Olympic Games since 1980.

Modern field hockey sticks are constructed of a composite of wood, glass fibre or carbon fibre (sometimes both) and are J-shaped, with a curved hook at the playing end, a flat surface on the playing side and a curved surface on the rear side. All sticks are right-handed – left-handed sticks are not permitted.

While field hockey in its current form appeared in mid-18th century England, primarily in schools, it was not until the first half of the 19th century that it became firmly established. The first club was created in 1849 at Blackheath in south-east London. Field hockey is the national sport of Pakistan.^[10] It was the national sport of India until the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports declared in August 2012 that India has no national sport.^[11]

Ice hockey

The Barrie Colts and the Brampton Battalion in an ice hockey game

Main article: Ice hockey

Ice hockey is played between two teams of skaters on a large flat area of ice, using a three-inch-diameter (76.2 mm) vulcanized rubber disc called a puck. This puck is often frozen before high-level games to decrease the amount of bouncing and friction on the ice. The game is played all over North America, Europe and to varying extents in many other countries around the world. It is the most popular sport in Canada, Finland, Latvia, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Ice hockey is the national sport of Latvia^[12] and the national winter sport of Canada.^[13] Ice hockey is played at a number of levels, by all ages.

Further information: Minor hockey

The governing body of international play is the 77-member International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Men's ice hockey has been played at the Winter Olympics since 1924, and was in the1920 Summer Olympics. Women's ice hockey was added to the Winter Olympics in 1998. North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the strongest professional ice hockey league, drawing top ice hockey players from around the globe.^{[citation needed]} The NHL rules are slightly different from those used in Olympic ice hockey over many categories.^{[citation needed]}International ice hockey rules were adopted from Canadian rules in the early 1900s.^[14]

The contemporary sport developed in Canada from European and native influences. These included various stick and ball games similar to field hockey, bandy and other games where two teams push a ball or object back and forth with sticks. These were played outdoors on ice under the name "hockey" in England throughout the 19th century, and even earlier under various other names.^[15] In Canada, there are 24 reports^[16] of hockey-like games in the 19th century before 1875 (five of them using the name "hockey"). The first organized and recorded game of ice hockey was played indoors in Montreal, Canada, on March 3, 1875, and featured several McGill Universitystudents.

Ice hockey sticks are long L-shaped sticks made of wood, graphite, or composites with a blade at the bottom that can lie flat on the playing surface when the stick is held upright and can legally curve either way, for left- or right-handed players.^{[citation needed]}

Roller hockey (inline)

Main article: Roller in-line hockey

Rink hockey – Rollhockey – Hoquei em Patins

Inline hockey is a variation of roller hockey very similar to ice hockey, from which it is derived. Inline hockey is played by two teams, consisting of four skaters and one goalie, on a dry rink divided into two halves by a center line, with one net at each end of the rink. The game is played in three 15-minute periods with a variation of the ice hockey off-side rule. Icings are also called, but are usually referred to as illegal clearing.^[17] The governing body is the IIHF, as for ice hockey, but some leagues and competitions do not follow the IIHF regulations, in particular USA Inline and Canada Inline.

Roller hockey (quad)

Main article: Roller hockey (quad)

Roller hockey, also known as quad hockey, international-style ball hockey, and Hoquei em Patins, is an overarching name for a roller sport that has existed since long before inline skates were invented. This sport is played in over sixty countries and has a worldwide following. Roller hockey was a demonstration sport at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics.

Sledge hockey

Main article: Sledge hockey

Sledge hockey is a form of ice hockey designed for players with physical disabilities affecting their lower bodies. Players sit on double-bladed sledges and use two sticks; each stick has a blade at one end and small picks at the other. Players use the sticks to pass, stickhandle and shoot the puck, and to propel their sledges. The rules are very similar to IIHF ice hockey rules.^[18]

Canada is a recognized international leader in the development of sledge hockey, and much of the equipment for the sport was first developed there, such as sledge hockey sticks laminated with fiberglass, as well as aluminum shafts with hand-carved insert blades and special aluminum sledges with regulation skate blades.

Based on ice sledge hockey, inline sledge hockey is played to the same rules as inline puck hockey (essentially ice hockey played off-ice using inline skates). There is no classification point system dictating who can play inline sledge hockey, unlike the situation with other team sports such as wheelchair basketball and wheelchair rugby. Inline sledge hockey is being developed to allow everyone, regardless of whether they have a disability or not, to complete up to world championship level based solely on talent and ability.^{[citation needed]} The first game of inline sledge hockey was played at Bisley, England, on 19 December 2009 between the Hull Stingrays and the Grimsby Redwings. Matt Lloyd is credited with inventing inline sledge hockey, and Great Britain is seen as the international leader in the game's development.

Street hockey

Main article: Street hockey

Also known as road hockey, this is a dry-land variant of ice and roller hockey played year-round on a hard surface (usually asphalt). A ball is usually used instead of a puck, and protective equipment is not usually worn.

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